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1.1 Warm, Pungent Herbs that Release Exterior
Common Function: Dispersing wind cold b diaphoresis to release the exterior.
General Contraindications: Qi&Yin Deficiency causing excessive sweating.
General Cautions: Lin syndrome, blood deficiency, chronic skin infection.
麻黄 Ma Huang: Pungent, SL Bitter, Warm. LU, UB. 2-9g
Promoting the flow of lung Qi and controlling wheezing;
Promoting the urine to reduce edema.
桂枝 Gui Zhi: Pungent, Sweet, Warm. HT, LU, UB. 3-9g
Warming the channels to relieve pain;
Reinforcing Yang to promote the flow of Qi
紫苏 Zi Su: Pungent, Aromatic, Warm. LU, SP. 5-9g
Promoting the flow of Qi and harmonizing middle Jiao;
Alleviating seafood poisoning.
荆芥 Jing Jie: Pungent, Aromatic, SL Warm. LU, LV. 4.5-9g
Dispelling pathogens to promote skin eruption;
Arresting bleeding.
防风 Fang Feng: Pungent, Sweet, SL Warm. UB, LV, SP. 4.5-9g
Removing dampness to relieve pain;
Extinguishing internal wind to relieve spasm.
羌活 Qiang Huo: Pungent, Bitter, Acromatic, Warm. UB, KD. 3-9g
Removing dampness to relieve pain.
细辛 Xi Xin: Pungent, Warm, SL Toxic. LU, KD. 1-3g
Dispelling wind to relive pain;
Warm lung to resolve phlegm retention.
白芷 Bai Zhi: Pungent, Warm. LU, ST. 3-9g
Relieving headache and opening up nasal passage;
Reducing swelling and expelling pus;
Removing dampness to stop leucorrhea.
藁本 Gao Ben: Pungent, Warm. UB. 3-9g
Dispersing cold to release exterior;
Expelling wind and eliminating dampness;
Relieving pain.
香薷 Xiang Ru: Pungent, SL Warm, Aromatic. LU, ST. 3-9g
Transforming dampness and promoting urine.
生姜 Sheng Jiang: Pungent , Warm. LU, SP, ST. 3-9g
Open nasal passage;
Expelling wind dampness;
Relieving pain.
葱白 Cong Bai: Pungent, Warm. LU, ST. 3-9g
Promoting the flow of Yang Qi to disperse cold.
辛夷花 Xin Yi Hua: Pungent, Warm. LU, ST. 3-9g
Opening the nasal passage.
苍耳子 Cang Er Zi:Pungent, SL Bitter, Warm, SL Toxic. LU. 3-9g
Opening nasal passage;
Expelling wind dampness;
relieving pain.
1.2 Cool, Pungent Herbs that Release Exterior
Common Function: Dispersing wind heat.
General Contraindications: Qi&Yin Deficiency causing excessive sweating.
General Cautions: Lin syndrome, blood deficiency, chronic skin infection.
薄荷 Bo He: Pungent, Aromatic, Cool. LU, LV. 3-6g
Clearing head and improving vision;
Benefit the throat;
Promote the skin eruption;
Sooth the liver.
牛蒡子 Niu Bang Zi: Pungent, Bitter, Cold. LU, ST. 6-12g
Benefit throat;
Clear heat and relieve toxicity;
Promote the skin eruption;
Moisten intestine.
桑叶 Sang Ye: Sweet, Bitter, Cold. LU, LV. 4.5-9g
Clear the liver to improve vision;
Cool the blood and stop bleeding.
菊花 Ju Hua: Sweet, Bitter, SL Cold. LU, LV. 4.5-15g
Clearing the liver to improving the vision;
Calming the liver and extinguish wind.
葛根 Ge Gen: Sweet, Pungent, Cool. SP, ST. 9-12g
Release pathogens from muscle and clear heat;
Nourish fluids and alleviating thirst;
Promoting the eruption of measles;
Lift the Yang and stop diarrhea.
升麻 Sheng Ma: Sweet, Pungent, Cool. LU, SP, LI, ST. 3-9g
Releasing the exterior and promoting the eruption of measles;
Clear heat and relieving toxicity;
Raise the Yang and lift the sunken.
柴胡 Chai Hu: Bitter, Pungent, Cool. PC, LV, SJ, GB. 3-9g
Harmonizing the Shao Yang and reducing fever;
Smooth liver Qi and relieving stagnation;
Raise the Yang Qi.
淡豆鼓 Dan Dou Chi:Sweet, SL Bitter, Cold or Warm. LU, ST. 6-12g
Relieving the irritability.
蝉蜕 Chan Tui:Sweet, Salty, SL Cold. LU, LV. 3-9g
Promote the eruption of rashes and stop itch;
Clear the eyes and remove superficial visual obstruction;
Stop spasm and extinguish wind.
浮萍 Fu Ping:Pungent, Cold. LU, UB. 3-10g
Promote the eruption of rashes;
Removing water and reducing swelling.
蔓荆子 Man Jing Zi:Sweet, Pungent, Cool. LV, UB, ST. 6-12g
Clear and benefit the head and eyes;
Draining dampness and expelling wind.
木贼 Mu Zei:Sweet, Bitter, Neutral. LU, LV. 3-9g
Disperse wind-heat and clear eyes;
Clear heat and stop bleeding.
2.1 Clearing Heat and Purging Fire Herbs
Common Functions: Clearing heat and draining fire.
General Cautions & Contraindications: SP/ST deficient cold
石膏 Shi Gao: Sweet, Pungent, Very Cold. LU, ST. 15-60g
Clearing excessive heat from the lungs;
Clearing blazing stomach fire.
知母 Zhi Mu: Bitter, Cold. LU, ST, KD. 6-12g
Enriching Yin and moistening dry conditions;
Generating fluids to quench thirst.
栀子 Zhi Zi: Bitter, Cold. HT, LV, LU, ST, SJ. 6-9g
Eliminating irritability;
Draining damp-heat;
Cooling the blood and stopping the bleeding.
淡竹叶 Dan Zhu Ye: Sweet, Tasteless, Cold. HT, SI, ST. 6-9g
Eliminating irritability;
Promote urination and clear damp-heat.
天花粉 Tian Hua Fen: Bitter, SL Sweet, Cold. LU, ST. 10-15g
Generate fluids;
Transform phlegm and moisten lung dryness;
Relieve toxicity and expel pus.
夏枯草 Xia Ku Cao: Bitter, Pungent, Cold. GB, LV. 9-15g
Clear liver and brighten eyes;
Clear heat and dissipate nodules.
莲子心 Lian Zi Xin: Bitter, Cold. HT, PC. 1.5-3g
Clear heart fire;
Stop bleeding and binding the essence.
芦根 Lu Gen: Sweet, Cold. LU, ST. 15-30g
Generate fluids;
Clear heat from the lung and stomach;
Promote urination.
决明子 Jue Ming Zi: Bitter, Sweet, Cool. LV, KD, LI. 9-15g
Clear liver fire and benefit eye;
Expel wind-heat to improve vision;
Moisten the intestines and unblock the bowel.
青葙子 Qing Xiang Zi: Sweet, Cool. LV. 6-15g
Drain liver fire;
Clear wind-heat;
Improve the vision.
2.2 Clearing Heat and Cooling the blood Herbs
Common Functions: Clearing Heat and cooling the blood.
General Caution & Contraindication: SP/ST deficiency with diarrhea.
犀角 Xi Jiao: Bitter, Salty, Cold. HT, LV, ST. 1-2g
Relieve toxicity;
Arrest tremors.
生地黄 Sheng Di Huang: Sweet, Bitter, Cold. HT, KD, LV. 9-15g
Nourish Yin and generate fluids;
Clear heart fire.
玄参 Xuan Shen: Salty, Sweet, Bitter, Cold. KD, LU, ST. 9-15g
Nourish the Yin;
Relieve toxicity;
Soften hardness and dissipate nodules.
牡丹皮 Mu Dan Pi: Pungent, Bitter, Cool. HT, LV, KD. 6-12g
Invigorate blood and blood stasis;
Clear deficiency fire;
Drain pus and reduce swelling.
紫草 Zi Cao: Sweet, Cold, HT, LV. 3-9g
Relieve fire toxicity and promote eruption of rashes;
Clear damp-heat;
Moisten the intestines and unblock the bowel.
2.3 Clearing Heat and Drying Dampness Herbs
Common Functions: Clearing heat and drying dampness.
General Cauntions & Contraindications: SP/ST deficient cold with diarrhea/Yin fluids deficiency.
黄芩 Huang Qin: Bitter, Cold. GB, LI, LU, ST. 3-9g
Drain fire and relieve toxin;
Clear heat and stop bleed;
clear heat and calm the fetus.
黄连 Huang Lian: Bitter, Cold. HT, LI, LV, ST. 1.5-9g
Drain fire and relieve toxicity;
Clear fire from heat and stomach;
Clear heat from blood and stop bleeding.
黄柏 Huang Bai: Bitter, Cold. KD, UB, LI. 3-12g
Drain kidney deficiency fire;
Drain fire and relieve toxicity.
龙胆草 Long Dan Cao: Bitter, Cold. GB, LV, ST. 3-9g
Damp-heat from liver and gallbladder;
Drain excessive liver fire.
苦参 Ku Shen: Bitter, Cold. UB, HT, LV, LI, SI. 3-9g
Disperse wind, kill parasite and stop itching;
Clear heat and promote urination.
秦皮 Qin Pi: Bitter, Cold. GB, LI, LV, ST. 6-12g
Drain liver fire and benefit eyes;
disperse wind-dampness.
2.4 Clearing Heat of Deficiency Type Herbs
Common Functions: Clearing heat from Yin deficiency.
地骨皮 Di Gu Pi: Sweet, Cold. LU, LV, KD. 6-15g
Clear heat and stop cough;
Clear heat and cool blood.
青蒿 Qing Hao: Bitter, Cold. KD, LV, GB. 6-12g
Clear summer-heat;
Cool blood and stop bleeding;
Clear the gallbladder and treat malaria.
银柴胡 Yin Chai Hu: Sweet, Cool. LV, ST. 3-9g
Clear heat from childhood nutritional impairment;
Cool blood and stop bleeding.
胡黄连 Hu Huang Lian: Bitter, Cold. LV, ST, LI. 1.5-9g
Drain damp-heat;
Clear heat from childhood nutritional impairment.
白薇 Bai Wei: Bitter, Salty, Cold. LU, ST, KD. 3-12g
Clear heat and cool blood;
Cool blood and promote urination;
Relieve toxicity.
2.5 Clearing Heat and Relieving Toxicity Herbs
Common Functions: Clearing heat and relieving fire toxicity.
General Cauntions & Contraindications: Deficient cold of ST/ST with diarrhea.
金银花 Jin Yin Hua: Sweet, Cold. LI, LU, ST. 6-20g
Expel external wind-heat;
Clear damp-heat from the lower-jiao.
连翘 Lian Qiao: Bitter, SL Pungent, Cool. HT, LV, GB. 6-15g
Dissipate nodule;
Expel external wind-heat.
青黛 Qing Dai: Salty, Cold. LV, LU, ST. 1.5-3g
Cool blood and disperse swelling;
Purge liver-fire and arrest convulsion.
大青叶 Da Qing Ye: Bitter, very Cold. HT, LU, ST. 10-15g
Cool the blood and reduce blotches.
板蓝根 Ban Lan Gen: Bitter, Cold. HT, LU, ST. 10-15g
Cool the blood and benefit the throat.
蒲公英 Pu Gong Ying: Bitter, Sweet, Cold. LV, ST. 9-30g
Reduces abscesses and dissipate nodules;
Promote lactation;
Clear heat and resolve dampness.
红藤 Hong Teng: Bitter, Neutral. LI, LV. 9-15g
Reduce abscess and stop pain;
Invigorate the blood and disperse stasis.
紫花地丁 Zi Hua Di Ding: Pungent, Bitter, Cold. HT, LV. 15-30g
Clear Yang sores.
野菊花 Ye Ju Hua: Bitter, Pungent, SL Cold. LU, LV. 10-15g
Drain fire and resolve fire toxicity.
败酱草 Bai Jiang Cao: Pungent, Bitter, SL Cold. LI, LV, ST.6-15g
Expel pus;
Dispel blood stasis and stop pain.
鱼腥草 Yu Xing Cao: Pungent, Cool. LI, LU. 15-30g
Reduce swelling and abscesses, and expel pus;
Clear damp-heat and promote urination.
马齿苋 Ma Chi Xian: Sour, Cold. LI, LV. 9-15g
Clear damp-heat;
Cool blood and stop bleeding.
白头翁 Bai Tou Weng: Bitter, Cold. LI, LV, ST. 6-15g
Clear heat and resolve fire toxicity.
穿心莲 Chuan Xin Lian: Bitter, Cold. LI, LU, SI, ST. 6-10g
Clear heat and dry dampness.
白花蛇舌草 Bai Hua She She Cao: Bitter, Sweet, Cold. LV, ST, LI. 15-30g
Clear heat and dry dampness.
山豆根 Shan Dou Gen: Bitter, Cold. LI, LU. 3-9g
Clear lungs to benefit the throat.
白鲜皮 Bai Xian Pi: Bitter, Cold. SP, ST. 6-10g
Expel wind and dry dampness.
土茯苓 Tu Fu Ling: Sweet, Tastless, Neutral. LV, ST. 15-60g
Benefit joints;
Clear damp-heat.
射干 She Gan: Bitter, Cold. LU. 3-9g
Transfer phlegm and clear the lungs;
Benefit the throat.
马勃 Ma Bo: Pungent, Neutral. LU. 1.5-5g
Benefit the throat;
Stop bleeding.
2.6 Clearing and Relieving Summer Heat Herbs
Common Functions: Clearing summer-heat
荷叶 He Ye: Bitter, SL Sweet, Neutral. HT, LV, SP. 3-9g
Expel dampness;
Raise the spleen Yang;
Stop bleeding.
绿豆 Lǜ Dou: Sweet, Cool. HT, ST. 15-30g
Clears summer-heat;
Clears heat and resolves toxicity;
Antidote
西瓜皮 Xi Gua Pi: Sweet, Cold. BL, HT, ST. 15-30g
Generate fluids;
Promote urination and expel jaundice.
扁豆 Bian Dou: Sweet, Neutral. SP, ST. 10-15g
Strengthen the spleen.
豆卷 Dou Juan: Bitter, SL Sweet, Cold. LU, ST.9-15g
Early stage of summer heat or warm-febrile disease.
3.1 Purgative
Common Functions: Drain heat and purge accumulations.
General Cautions/Contraindications: SP/ST deficient cold, pregnancy and menstruation.
大黄 Da Huang: Bitter, Cold. HT, LI, LV, ST. 3-15g
Drain damp-heat;
Drain heat from the blood;
Invigorate the blood and dispel blood stasis;
Clear heat and reduce fire toxicity.
芒硝 Mang Xiao: Pungent, Bitter, Salty, Very Cold. ST, LI. 6-18g
Soften hardness;
Clear heat and reduce swelling.
番泻叶 Fan Xie Ye: Bitter, Sweet, Cold. LI. 1.5-3g
Drain downward and guide out stagnation.
芦荟 Lu Hui: Bitter, Cold. LI, LV, ST. 1-2g
Kill parasites and strengthen the stomach;
Clear heat and cool the liver.
3.2 Moist laxatives
Common Functions: Nourish and moisten the intestines.
火麻仁 Huo Ma Ren: Sweet, Neutral. LI, SP, ST. 9-15g
Nourish the Yin;
Clear heat and promote heal of sores.
郁李仁 Yu Li Ren: Pungent, Bitter, Sweet, Neutral. LI, SI. 9-15g
Promote urination and reduce edema.
3.3 Harsh Expellent
Common Functions: Drain water downward and drive out congested fluids.
牵牛子 Qian Niu Zi: Bitter, Pungent, Cold, Toxic. LI, LU, SI. 3-6g
Unblock the bowels and remove accumulation;
expel intestinal parasites and reduce stagnation.
甘遂 Gan Sui: Bitter, Sweet, Cold, Toxic. KD, LI, LU. 0.5-1.5g
Clear heat and reduce swelling.
大戟 Da Ji: Bitter, Pungent, Cold, Toxic. KD, LI, LU. 1.5-3g
Reduce swelling and dissipate nodules.
芫花 Yuan Hua: Bitter, Pungent, Warm, Toxic, KD, LI, LU. 1.5-3g
Kill parasites.
商陆 Shang Lu: Bitter, Cold, Toxic. KD, LI, SP. 5-10g
Reduce sores and carbuncles.
巴豆 Ba Dou: Pungent, Hot, Very Toxic. ST, LI, LU. 0.1-0.3g
Expel the cold accumulation;
Expel phlegm to clear throat;
Promote the healing of abscess and ulcers.
Common Functions: Promote urination and excrete dampness.
General Cautions/Contraindications: Yin deficiency and consumed fluids.
茯苓 Fu Ling: Sweet, Tasteless, Neutral. SP, HT, LU, BL. 9-15g
Strengthen the spleen, transform damp and replenish the middle-jiao;
Calm the heart and peace the mind.
猪苓 Zhu Ling: Sweet, Tasteless, Neutral. SP, KD, BL. 6-12g
Promote urination and excrete dampness.
泽泻 Ze Xie: Sweet, Tasteless, Cold. KD, BL. 4.5-9g
Expel pathogenic heat in the lower-jiao.
薏苡仁 Yi Yi Ren: Sweet, Tasteless, SL Cold. SP, ST, LU, KD. 9-30g
Strengthen the spleen and stop diarrhea;
Expel wind-damp and relieve spasms;
Clear heat and expel pus.
茵陈蒿 Yin Chen Hao: Bitter, SL Cold. LV, SP, GB, ST. 9-30g
Clear heat and release the exterior.
半边莲 Ban Bian Lian: Bitter, Neutral. HT, LU, SI. 3-15g
Cool the blood and reduce toxicity.
玉米须 Yu Mi Xu: Sweet, Neutral. BL, GB, LV. 15-30g
Promote urination and relieve edema;
Benefit the gallbladder and remove jaundice,
Lower the blood sugar and relieve thirst.
冬瓜皮 Dong Gua Pi: Sweet, SL Cold. LU, SI. 15-30g
Clear the summer-heat.
赤小豆 Chi Xiao Dou: Sweet, Sour, Neutral. HT, SI, SP. 15-30g
Clear the heat, disperse blood stasis and reduce toxicity.
川木通 Chuan Mu Tong: Bitter, Cold. BL, HT, SI. 5-10g
Promote urination to relieve painful urinary dysfunction,
Drain heat from the heart through the small intestine;
Promote lactation.
车前子 Che Qian Zi: Sweet, Cold. BL, KD, LV, LU. 5-15g;
Promote urination, clear heat to relieve painful urinary dysfunction;
Excrete damp to arrest diarrhea;
Clear heat from the liver to improve the acuity of vision;
Clear away heat from the lung and resolve phlegm.
金钱草 Jin Qian Cao: Sweet, SL Salty, Neutral. KD, BL. 30-60g
Expel stones;
Clear damp heat in liver and gallbladder to remove jaundice;
Clear the heat and reduce toxicity, swelling.
扁蓄 Bian Xu: Bitter, SL Cold. BL. 9-15g
Promote urination and relieve painful urinary dysfunction;
Expel parasites and stop itching.
萆薢 Bi Xie: Bitter, Neutral. BL, LV, ST. 9-15g
Promote urination and separate the pure from the turbid;
Expel wind-dampness;
Clear the damp-heat from the skin.
瞿麦 Qu Mai: Bitter, Cold. BL, HT, SI. 10-15g
Promote urination and separate the pure from the turbid;
Expel wind-dampness;
Clear the damp-heat from the skin.
地肤子 Di Fu Zi: Bitter, Cold. BL, KD. 9-15g
Relieve painful urinary dysfunction;
Expel dampness and clear heat to stop itching.
滑石 Hua Shi: Sweet, tasteless, Cold. ST, BL. 9-15g
Relieve painful urinary dysfunction;
Clear heat and expel summer-heat;
Transform dampness.
通草 Tong Cao: Sweet, tasteless, SL Cold. LU, ST. 3-10g
Clear heat;
Promote lactation.
石苇 Shi Wei: Bitter, Sweet, SL Cold. LU, BL. 6-9g
Clear heat and stop bleeding;
Clear the lung, expel phlegm and stop cough.
海金沙 Hai Jin Sha: Sweet, Cold. BL, SI. 6-12g
Relieve painful urinary dysfunction.
灯芯草 Deng Xin Cao: Sweet, Bland, SL Cold. HT, LU, SI. 1.5-4.5g
Relieve painful urinary dysfunction;
Clear heart heat and eliminate irritability.
Common Functions: Expel wind-dampness to relieve pain.
General Cautions/Contraindications: Yin deficiency except Qin Jiao and Sang Ji Sheng.
独活 Du Huo: Pungent, Bitter, SL Warm. KD, BL. 3-9g
Relieve Bi pain;
Disperse wind-cold-dampness and release the exterior.
威灵仙 Wei Ling Xian: Pungent, Bitter, Cold. BL. 6-9g
Unblock the all 12 channels to relieve pain;
Reduce phlegm and pathogenic water;
Soften and transform fish bones.
蚕沙 Can Sha: Sweet, Pungent, Warm. LV, SP, ST. 9-15g
Harmonize the stomach and transform turbid dampness.
木瓜 Mu Gua: Sour, SL Warm. LV, SP. 6-12g
Unblocking the channels;
Relaxing the tendons and muscles;
Harmonize the stomach and transform the dampness;
Reduce food stagnation.
海风藤 Hai Feng Teng: Pungent, Bitter, SL Warm. LV. 6-15g
Unblock the channels and collaterals;
To disperse cold and alleviate pain.
白花蛇(蕲蛇) Bai Hua She (Qi She): Sweet, Salty, Warm, Toxic. LV, SP. 3-9g
Unblock the channels and collateral;
Dispel wind from the tendons and muscles, and relieve spasms.
乌梢蛇 Wu Shao She: Sweet, Salt, Neutral. LV, SP. 3-9g
Unblock the channels and collaterals;
Dispel wind from the tendons and mucles to relieve spasms.
秦艽 Qin Jiao: Pungent, Bitter, Neutral or SL Cold. GB, LV, ST. 3-9g
Clear heat of deficiency type;
Resolve dampness and reduce jaundice.
防己 Fang Ji: Pungent, Bitter, Cold. BL, SP, KD. 3-12g
Promote urination and reduce edema.
桑枝 Sang Zhi: Bitter, SL Cold or Neutral. LV. 9-15g
Unblock the channels and collaterals, and benefit the joints;
Promote urination.
络石藤 Luo Shi Teng: Bitter, SL Cold. LV, KD. 6-15g
Unblock the channels and collaterals;
Cool the blood and reduce swelling.
五加皮 Wu Jia Pi: Pungent, Warm. LV, KD. 9-15g
Tonify the kidney and liver to strengthen the tendons and bones;
Transform dampness and reduce swelling.
桑寄生 Sang Ji Sheng: Bitter, Neutral. LV, KD. 9-15g
Tonify the liver and kidney, strengthen the tendons and bones;
Nourish the blood and calm the fetus.
续断 Xu Duan: Bitter, Pungent, SL Warm. LV, KD. 10-20g
Tonify liver and kidney to strengthen tendons and bones;
Stop uterine bleeding to calm fetus;
Invigorate blood circulation.
狗脊 Gou Ji: Bitter, Sweet, Warm. LV, KD. 10-15g
Tonify liver and kidney to strengthen the tendons and bones.
Common Functions: Aromatically transform dampness from middle-ciao and invigorate spleen.
General Cautions/Contraindications: Yin deficiency with heat.
藿香 Huo Xiang: Pungent, SL Warm. LU, SP, ST. 3-9g
Harmonize the middle-jiao and stop vomit;
Release the exterior and transform turbidity.
佩兰 Pei Lan: Pungent, Neutral. SP, ST. 3-10g
Release the exterior due to summer heat with dampness.
苍术 Cang Zhu: Pungent, Bitter, Warm. SP, ST. 3-9g
Expel wind-dampness;
Clear dampness from the lower-jiao.
厚朴 Hou po: Pungent, Bitter, Warm. SP, ST, LU, LI. 3-9g
Dryly transform dampness;
Promote the Qi circulation or regulate Qi;
Relieve wheeze.
砂仁 Sha Ren: Pungent, Warm. SP, ST, KD. 3-10g
Promote Qi circulation or regulate Qi;
Warm spleen to stop diarrhea;
Calm the fetus.
白豆蔻 Bai Dou Kou: Pungent, Warm. SP, ST, LU. 3-10g
Promote Qi circulation or regulate Qi;
Warm middle-jiao to stop vomit.
草豆蔻 Cao Dou Kou: Pungent, Warm. SP, ST. 3-6g
Promote Qi circulation or regulate Qi;
Warm middle-jiao to stop vomit and diarrhea.
草果 Cao Guo: Pungent, Warm. SP, ST. 3-6g
Warm the middle-jiao;
Expel phlegm and treat malaria.
7.1 Clear and resolve heat-phlegm herbs
Common Functions: Descending adverting Qi and expelling phlegm.
General Cautions/Contraindications: SP/ST deficient cold; cold-phlegm; damp-phlegm.
前胡 Qian Hu: Pungent, Bitter, SL Cold. LU, SP. 3-9g
Disperse wind heat.
桔梗 Jie Geng: Bitter, Pungent, Neutral. LU. 3-9g
Benefit the throat;
Promote pus discharge and subduing carbuncles;
Directing the effect of other herbs upward to upper region of body.
川贝母/ 浙贝母 Chuan Bei Mu/ Zhe Bei Mu: Bitter, Sweet, SL Cold/Cold for Zhe Bei Mu. HT, LU. 3-9g
Clear heat and dissipate nodules.
瓜蒌 Gua Lou: Sweet, Cold. LU, LI, ST. 9-21g
Moisten lung;
Promote the flow of Qi to smooth chest oppression;
Dissipate nodules and relieve constipation.
竹茹 Zhu Ru: Sweet, SL Cold. LU, GB, ST. 4.5-9g
Clear heat and transform phlegm;
Relieve dysphoria and stop vomit.
竹沥 Zhu Li: Sweet, Very Cold. HT, LU, ST. 15-30ml
Open orifices.
胖大海 Pang Da Hai: SL Sweet, Cool. LU, LI, ST. 3-9g
Eliminate heat toxin and benefit the throat;
Clear and moisten the lung;
Clear the intestine and unblock the bowels.
海藻 Hai Zao: Bitter, Salty, Cold. LU, KD, SP, LV, ST. 10-15g
Reduce phlegm and soften the hardness;
Promote urination and reduce swelling.
昆布 Kun Bu: Salty, Cold. KD, SP, LV, ST. 6-12g
Reduce phlegm and soften hardness;
Promote urination and reduce swelling.
7.2 Warming and transforming cold-phlegm herbs
Common functions: Drying dampness and transform phlegm
General Caution/Contraindication: Yin deficiency with heat; phlegm-heat.
半夏 Ban Xia: Pungent, Warm, Toxic. LU, SP, ST. 3-9g
Descending rebellious Qi and stop vomiting;
Dissipating nodules and reduce distention.
天南星 Tian Nan Xing: Bitter, Pungent, Warm, Toxic. LU, LV, SP. 4.5-9g
Expelling endogenous wind to relieve spasm.
旋复花 Xuan Fu Hua: Bitter, Pungent, SL Warm. LU, LV, ST, SP. 3-9g
Calm rebellion and stop vomit.
白芥子 Bai Jie Zi: Pungent, Warm. LU, ST. 3-9g
Warm lung, eliminate phlegm and regulate flow of Qi;
Dissipate nodules and subduing swelling.
白前 Bai Qian: Pungent, Sweet, SL Warm. LU. 3-9g
Direct LU Qi downward.
白附子 Bai Fu Zi: Pungent, Sweet, Warm, Toxic. SP, ST, LV. 3-6g
Dispel endogenous wind and relieve spasm;
Expel wind-cold-damp and alleviate pain;
Detoxify toxicity and dissipate nodules.
皂荚 Zao Jia: Pungent, Warm, SL Toxic. LU, LI. 1.5-5g
Stongly dispel phlegm;
Open the orifices and reviving the spirit;
Dissipate clumps and reduce swelling.
7.3 Relieve cough and wheeze herbs
Common functions: Relieving coughing and calming wheezing
General Caution/Contraindication: heat condition for warm herbs/cod condition for cold herbs.
杏仁 Xing Ren: Bitter, SL Warm, SL Toxic. LU, LI. 3-9g
Moisten the intestines and unblock the bowels.
苏子 Su Zi: Pungent, Warm. LU, LI. 3-9g
Lower the adverse Qi and dissolve phlegm to stop cough and wheeze;
Moisten intestine to loosen the bowels.
百部 Bai Bu: Sweet, Bitter, SL Warm. LU. 3-9g
Moisten the lungs and stop cough;
Expel parasite and kill lice.
桑白皮 Sang Bai Pi: Sweet, Cold. LU, SP. 6-15g
Clear heat from the lung and relieve cough and wheeze;
Promote urination and reduce edema.
枇杷叶 Pi Pa Ye: Bitter, Cool. LU, ST. 6-15g
Descend the adverse Qi and harmonize the stomach;
Clear heat to relieve cough.
紫菀 Zi Wan: Bitter, SL Warm. LU. 5-9g
Resolve phlegm to stop cough;
Moisten the lungs.
款冬花 Kuan Dong Hua: Pungent, Warm. LU. 5-9g
Resolve phlegm and descend adverse Qi to stop cough;
Moisten lung.
马兜铃 Ma Dou Ling: Bitter, Cold. LU, LI. 3-9g
Clear heat from large intestine.
葶苈子 Ting Li Zi: Pungent, Bitter, Cold. LU, BL. 5-15g
Purge lung and transform phlegm to stop wheeze;
Expel water to reduce edema.
木蝴蝶 Mu Hu Die: Sweet, Tasteless, Cool. LU, LV. 1.5-6g
Clear the lung and open the voice;
Smooth the liver and regulate the Qi.
Common Functions: Reducing and guiding out food stagnation.
General Cautions/Contraindications: pure deficiency without excess.
山楂 Shan Zha: Sour, Sweet, SL Warm. LV, ST, ST. 9-12g
Transforming food stasis and dissipating clumps;
Stopping diarrhea.
麦芽 Mai Ya: Sweet, Neutral. LV, SP, ST. 9-15g
Strength the stomach;
Inhibit lactation;
Facilitate the smooth flow of liver Qi.
谷芽 Gu Ya: Sweet, Neutral. SP, ST. 9-15g
Strength the stomach.
神曲 Shen Qu: Sweet, Pungent, Warm. SP, ST. 6-15g
Harmonize the ST;
Added to pills containing heavy minerals to aid in digestion and absorption.
鸡内金 Ji Nei Jin: Sweet, Neutral. BL, SI, SP, ST. 3-9g
Improve the spleen's function;
Secure the essence and stop enuresis;
Transform hardness and dissolve stone.
莱菔子 Lai Fu Zi: Pungentm Sweet, Neutral. LU, SP, ST. 4.5-9g
Direct Qi downward and reduce phlegm.
Common Functions: Regulate the Qi and alleviate pain.
General Cautions/Contraindications: Qi deficiency; Yin deficient heat.
陈皮 Chen Pi: Pungent, Bitter, Warm. LU, SP, ST. 3-9g
Harmonize the middle-jiao;
Dry dampness and transform phlegm;
Prevent stagnation.
青皮 Qing Pi: Bitter, Acrid, Warm. GB, LV, ST. 3-9g
Smoothing the liver Qi and breaking up stagnation Qi;
Dissipating clumps and removing food stagnation.
枳实 Zhi Shi: Bitter, Pungent, SL Cold. LU, ST, LI. 3-9g
Resove phlegm and relieve local fullness;
Direct the Qi downward and unblock the bowels.
枳壳 Zhi Ke: Bitter, Acrid, SL Cold. SP, ST. 3-9g
Milder in action than Zhi Shi.
薤白 Xie Bai: Pungent, Bitter, Warm. LI, LU, ST. 5-10g
Unblock the Yang Qi and disperse congealing;
Promote the movement of Qi and blood and alleviate pain;
Direct the Qi downward and reduce stagnation.
木香 Mu Xiang: Pungent, Bitter, Warm. SP, ST, GB, LI. 3-9g
Harmonize the middle-jiao;
Prevent stagnation.
沉香 Chen Xiang: Pungent, Bitter, Warm, Aromatic. SP, ST, KD. 1-1.5g
Direct rebellious Qi downward and regulate the middle-jiao;
Help the kidney to receive Qi.
乌药 Wu Yao: Pungent, Warm. SP, LU, KD, BL. 3-9g
Warm the kidney and dispel cold.
香附 Xiang Fu: Pungent, SL Bitter, SL Sweet, Neutral. LV, SJ. 6-12g
Smooth and regulate liver Qi;
Regulate menstruation and alleviate pain.
佛手 Fo Shou: Pungent, SL Warm. LV, LU, ST. 3-10g
Smooth and regulate the liver Qi;
Harmonize middle-jiao;
Dry dampness and transform phlegm.
香橼 Xiang Yuan: Acrid, SL Bitter, Sour, Warm. LV, LU, SP, ST. 3-10g
Smooth and regulate the liver Qi;
Harmonize middle-jiao;
Dry dampness and transform phlegm.
川楝子 Chuan Lian Zi: Bitter, Cold, SL Toxic. BL, LV, SI, ST. 4.5-9g
Clear heat from the liver;
Clear heat and dry dampness;
Kill parasites.
大腹皮 Da Fu Pi: Pungent, SL Warm. SP, ST, LI, SI. 4.5-9g
Reduce food stagnation;
Promote urination and reduce edema.
荔枝核 Li Zhi He: Sweet, Astringent, Warm. LV, ST. 10-15g
Disperse cold and stagnation.
Common Functions: Cool the blood and stop bleeding.
大蓟 Da Ji: Sweet, Cool. LV, SP, HT. 10-15g
Dissipate blood stasis and eliminate toxin to treat carbuncles.
小蓟 Xiao Ji: Sweet, Cool. LV, SP. 10-15g
Dissipate blood stasis and eliminate toxin to treat carbuncles.
地榆 Di Yu: Bitter, Sour, SL Cold. LV, LI, ST. 9-15g
Eliminate toxin and generate flesh.
槐花/槐花米 Huai Hua/Huai Hua Mi: Bitter, Cool. LV, LI. 4.5-9g
Clear heat from the liver and large intestine.
侧柏叶 Ce Bai Ye: Bitter, Astringent, SL Cold. HT, LV, LI. 6-15g
Relieve coughing and expel phlegm;
Promote healing of burns.
白茅根 Bai Mao Gen: Sweet, Cold. LU, ST, SI, BL. 9-30g
Clear heat and promote urination;
Clear the stomach and lung heat.
三七 San Qi: Sweet, SL Bitter, Warm. LV, ST, LI. 3-6g
Remove blood stasis;
Reduce swelling and alleviate pain.
蒲黄 Pu Huang: Sweet, Pungent, Neutral. LV, HT, SP. 3-9g
Invigorate the blood and remove blood stasis.
茜草 Qian Cao: Bitter, Cold. HT, LV. 9-15g
Invigorate the blood and remove blood stasis.
仙鹤草 Xian He Cao: Bitter, Pungent, Neutral. LU, LV, SP. 6-12g
Alleviate diarrhea and dysentery;
kill parasites.
白芨 Bai Ji: Bitter, Sweet, Cool. LU, ST, LV. 3-15g
Restraining blood and stop bleeding;
Reduce swelling and generate flesh.
艾叶 Ai Ye: Bitter, Pungent, Warm. SP, LV, KD. 3-9g
Warm the channel and stop bleeding;
Warm the uterine and pacify the fetus;
Dispel cold and alleviate pain.
Common Functions: Invigorate the blood and promote the movement of Qi.
川芎 Chuan Xiong: Pungent, Warm. LV, GB, PC. 3-9g
Expel wind and alleviate pain.
丹参 Dan Shen: Bitter, SL Cold. HT, PC, LV. 6-15g
Clear heat to treat carbuncles;
Nourish the blood and soothing irritability.
益母草 Yi Mu Cao: Pungent, Bitter, SL Cold. HT, LV, BL. 9-15g
Regulate the menses;
Remove blood stasis and reduce masses;
Promote urination and reduce swelling.
泽兰 Ze Lan: Bitter, Pungent, SL Warm, Aromatic. LV, SP. 9-15g
Regulate menses;
Promote urination to reduce edema.
牛膝 Niu Xi: Bitter, Sour, Neutral. LV, KD. 6-15g
Reinforce Liver and kidney to strengthen the tendon and bones;
Clear damp-heat in the lower-jiao to treat Lin syndrome;
Induce the downward movement of blood.
桃仁 Tao Ren: Bitter, Sweet, Neutral, SL Toxic. HT, LI, LV, LU. 4.5-9g
Moisten the intestine and relieve constipation.
红花 Hong Hua: Pungent, Warm. HT, LV. 3-9g
Regulate menstruation;
Remove blood and alleviate pain.
姜黄 Jiang Huang: Pungent, Bitter, Warm. SP, ST, LV. 3-10g
Promote circulation through the channels to relieve pain.
血竭 Xue Jie: Sweet, Salty, Neutral. HT, LV. 1-3g
Dispel blood stasis and alleviate pain;
Stop bleeding;
Protect the surface of ulcer, promote healing and tissue generation.
郁金 Yu Jin: Pungent, Bitter, Cool. HT, LU, LV. 6-12g
Invigorate blood stasis to relive pain;
Promote the movement of Qi and soothing depression;
Clear heat from the heart and cool the blood;
Benefit the gallbladder and reduce jaundice.
延胡索 Yan Hu Suo: Pungent, Bitter, Warm. HT, LV, LU, ST. 3-9g
Invigorate the blood;
Promote the movement of Qi;
Alleviate pain.
王不留行 Wang Bu Liu Xing: Bitter, Neutral. LV, ST. 4.5-9g
Promote the movement of blood and invigorate the channels;
Promote lactation and menstruation;
Reduce swelling.
穿山甲 Chuan Shan Jia: Salty, Cool. LV, ST. 3-10g
Disperse blood stasis, unblock menstruation and promote lactation;
Reduce swelling and promote discharge of pus;
Expel wind-damp from the channels.
乳香 Ru Xiang: Pungent, Bitter, Warm. HT, LV, SP. 3-9g
Invigorate the blood and promote the Qi flow to alleviate pain;
Reduce swelling and generate flesh.
没药 Mo Yao: Bitter, Neutral. HT, LV, SP. 3-9g
Invigorate the blood and break up blood stasis and alleviate pain;
Reduce swelling and promote healing.
三棱 San Leng: Bitter, Pungent, Neutral. LV, SP. 3-9g
Forcefully break up blood stasis, promote the movement of Qi and alleviate pain Dissolve accumulations.
莪术 E Zhu: Bitter, Pungent, Warm. LV, SP. 3-9g
Dissolve accumulations and alleviate pain.
水蛭 Shui Zhi: Salty, Bitter, Neutral, SL Toxic. LV, BL. 1.5-3g
Reduce immobile masses.
蛰虫 Zhe Chong: Salty, Cold, Toxic. LV, HT, SP. 1.5-3g
Renew sinew and joint bones.
鸡血藤 Ji Xue Teng: Bitter, Sweet, Warm. HT, LV, SP. 10-15g
Invigorate channels and relax the sinews.
五灵脂 Wu Ling Zhi: Bitter, Sweet, Warm. LV, SP. 3-15g
Variety of disorders due to blood stasis;
Uterine bleeding and lochioschesis due to blood stasis.
赤芍 Chi Shao: Sour, Bitter, SL Cold. LV, SP. 3-15g
Cool the blood and clear heat;
Clear liver fire.
Common Functions: Warm the interior and expel interior cold.
General Cautions/Contraindications: heat syndrome, Yin deficiency and pregnancy.
Common Functions: Tonify the Qi.
General Cautions/Contraindications: pure excess syndrome.
Common Functions: Estrange and stabilize body substances and treat all the abnormal discharge
General Cautions/Contraindications: exterior condition and excess condition.
15.1 Section 1 substances that anchor, settle, and calm the spirit
Common Functions: Settling and calming the spirit.
General Cautions/Contraindications: SP/ST deficiency.
Common Functions: Open the orifices.
General Cautions/Contraindications: SP deficiency cold (for cold herbs) / blood & Yin deficiency (for warm herbs).
Common Functions: Extinguish wind to control internal wind.
General Cautions/Contraindications: SP deficiency cold (for cold herbs) / blood & Yin deficiency (for warm herbs).
Common Functions: Kill parasites.
Common Functions:
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